abstract：BACKGROUND:Noradrenaline (NA) is known to limit neuroinflammation. However, the previously described induction by NA of a chemokine involved in the progression of immune/inflammatory processes, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), apparently contradicts NA anti-inflammat...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Hinojosa AE,Caso JR,García-Bueno B,Leza JC,Madrigal JL

更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory factor produced by activated macrophages and monocytes and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). To evaluate the effect of TNF-α signaling suppression and the potential of TNF-α in the treatment of DPN...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Shi X,Chen Y,Nadeem L,Xu G

更新日期：2013-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:S100A9 protein (myeloid-related protein MRP14, also referred to as calgranulin B) is a reliable marker of inflammation, an important proinflammatory factor of innate immunity and acts as an additional antimicrobial peptide in the innate immune system. Evidence indicates that S100A9 contributes to Alzheimer's...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Lee EO,Yang JH,Chang KA,Suh YH,Chong YH

更新日期：2013-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be a CD4+ T cell mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is rarely diagnosed during infancy. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that confer disease resistance in this age group are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a differential comp...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Cravens PD,Kieseier BC,Hussain R,Herndon E,Arellano B,Ben LH,Timmons BC,Castro-Rojas C,Hartung HP,Hemmer B,Weber MS,Zamvil SS,Stüve O

更新日期：2013-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) is a cysteine protease that processes immature pro-IL-1β into active mature IL-1β. IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates many of the physiological and behavioral responses to inflammation. Genetic deletion of ICE has previously been shown to ...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Lawson MA,McCusker RH,Kelley KW

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) injected intrathecally can effectively increase the lifespan and protect motor neurons in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, how the transplanted cells exert a neuroprotective effect is still unclear. More recently, the anti-inflammation eff...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Zhou C,Zhang C,Zhao R,Chi S,Ge P,Zhang C

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic autoimmune encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized. Parallel to the link between psychiatric...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Najjar S,Pearlman DM,Alper K,Najjar A,Devinsky O

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya) is a daily oral therapy for multiple sclerosis that readily accesses the central nervous system (CNS). FTY720 is a structural analog to the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and is a cognate ligand for the S1P G-protein coupled receptors (S1PR). Studies in experimental a...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Wu C,Leong SY,Moore CS,Cui QL,Gris P,Bernier LP,Johnson TA,Séguéla P,Kennedy TE,Bar-Or A,Antel JP

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Converging lines of evidence point to the existence of immune dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could directly affect several key neurodevelopmental processes. Previous studies have shown higher cytokine levels in patients with autism compared with matched controls or subjects with other de...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Napolioni V,Ober-Reynolds B,Szelinger S,Corneveaux JJ,Pawlowski T,Ober-Reynolds S,Kirwan J,Persico AM,Melmed RD,Craig DW,Smith CJ,Huentelman MJ

更新日期：2013-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Leukocytes are believed to be involved in delayed cell death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, data demonstrating that blood-borne inflammatory cells are present in the injured brain prior to the onset of secondary brain damage have been inconclusive. We therefore investigated both the interac...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Schwarzmaier SM,Zimmermann R,McGarry NB,Trabold R,Kim SW,Plesnila N

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, research suggests that environmentalfactors and neuroinflammation, as well as genetic factors, are contributors. This study aims to test the role that might be played by heat shock protein (HSP)70, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, C...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： El-Ansary A,Al-Ayadhi L

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:More than 50% of patients undergoing lifelong suppressive antiviral treatment for HIV-1 infection develop minor HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurological complications during HIV-1 infection are the result of direct neuronal damage by proinflammatory products released from HIV-1-infected or -un...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Mehla R,Bivalkar-Mehla S,Nagarkatti M,Chauhan A

更新日期：2012-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:We have demonstrated previously that the intravenous delivery of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) after traumatic brain injury affords neuroprotection via interaction with splenocytes, leading to an increase in systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesize that the observed modulation of th...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Walker PA,Bedi SS,Shah SK,Jimenez F,Xue H,Hamilton JA,Smith P,Thomas CP,Mays RW,Pati S,Cox CS Jr

更新日期：2012-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic and often treatment-refractory brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures originating from the hippocampus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE remain largely unknown. Recent clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of various inflammatory media...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Kan AA,de Jager W,de Wit M,Heijnen C,van Zuiden M,Ferrier C,van Rijen P,Gosselaar P,Hessel E,van Nieuwenhuizen O,de Graan PN

更新日期：2012-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In sepsis syndromes the severity of the inflammation triggers microvascular dysfunction and early organ failure. We studied the effects of anti-inflammatory vagus nerve stimulation on the cerebral microcirculatory integrity in an endotoxinemic rat model. METHODS:In both control and endotoxinemic (5 mg/kg li...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Mihaylova S,Killian A,Mayer K,Pullamsetti SS,Schermuly R,Rosengarten B

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is well known that methamphetamine (METH) is neurotoxic and recent studies have suggested the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in brain dysfunction induced by misuse of this drug. Indeed, glial cells seem to be activated in response to METH, but its effects on microglial cells are not fully unde...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Coelho-Santos V,Gonçalves J,Fontes-Ribeiro C,Silva AP

更新日期：2012-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Experiences and inflammatory mediators are fundamental in the provocation of major depressive disorders (MDDs). We investigated the roles and mechanisms of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in stress-induced depression. METHODS:We used a depressive-like state mouse model induced by unpredictable chroni...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Peng YL,Liu YN,Liu L,Wang X,Jiang CL,Wang YX

更新日期：2012-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In brain tissues from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, clusters of activated HLA-DR-expressing microglia, also referred to as preactive lesions, are located throughout the normal-appearing white matter. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the frequency, distribution and cellular architecture...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： van Horssen J,Singh S,van der Pol S,Kipp M,Lim JL,Peferoen L,Gerritsen W,Kooi EJ,Witte ME,Geurts JJ,de Vries HE,Peferoen-Baert R,van den Elsen PJ,van der Valk P,Amor S

更新日期：2012-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces neuronal dysfunction through host cellular factors and viral proteins including viral protein R (Vpr) released from infected macrophages/microglia. Vpr is important for infection of terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages. The objective of this ...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Guha D,Nagilla P,Redinger C,Srinivasan A,Schatten GP,Ayyavoo V

更新日期：2012-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although evidence suggests that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is lower in smokers than in non-smokers, the mechanisms of nicotine-induced neuroprotection remain unclear. Stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) seems to be a crucial mechanism underlying the anti-inflamma...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Liu Y,Hu J,Wu J,Zhu C,Hui Y,Han Y,Huang Z,Ellsworth K,Fan W

更新日期：2012-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN; CD147, basigin) is an inducer of the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We reported previously that blocking EMMPRIN activity reduced neuroinflammation and severity of disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experime...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Agrawal SM,Silva C,Wang J,Tong JP,Yong VW

更新日期：2012-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a cytokine having multiple functions in the central nervous system such as promoting repair mechanisms in degenerative diseases and stroke. To date, however, its neuroprotective effects in non-disease conditions have not been studied METHODS:With the aim of exploring ...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Piras F,Salani F,Bossù P,Caltagirone C,Spalletta G

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury initiates biochemical processes that lead to secondary neurodegeneration. Imaging studies suggest that tissue loss may continue for months or years after traumatic brain injury in association with chronic microglial activation. Recently we found that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Byrnes KR,Loane DJ,Stoica BA,Zhang J,Faden AI

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activator, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), is an arachidonic acid analog. It is reported to inhibit up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes; however, its underlying mechanism of action is largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the ...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Lee JH,Kim H,Woo JH,Joe EH,Jou I

更新日期：2012-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Neurogenic inflammation is orchestrated by a large number of neuropeptides. Tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B) are pro-inflammatory neuropeptides that may play an important role in some autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism in ...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Mostafa GA,Al-Ayadhi LY

更新日期：2011-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the pathological trafficking of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). Using the murine MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we previously demonstrated that antagonism of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 blocks endothelial cell sequestr...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Cruz-Orengo L,Chen YJ,Kim JH,Dorsey D,Song SK,Klein RS

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preconditioning is a phenomenon by which tolerance develops to injury by previous exposure to a stressor of mild severity. Previous studies have shown that single or repeated low dose MDMA can attenuate 5-HT transporter loss produced by a subsequent neurotoxic dose of the drug. We have explored the mechanism...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Mayado A,Torres E,Gutierrez-Lopez MD,Colado MI,O'Shea E

更新日期：2011-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Microglia and astrocytes respond to homeostatic disturbances with profound changes of gene expression. This response, known as glial activation or neuroinflammation, can be detrimental to the surrounding tissue. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator of g...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Straccia M,Gresa-Arribas N,Dentesano G,Ejarque-Ortiz A,Tusell JM,Serratosa J,Solà C,Saura J

更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. While betaine is reported to suppress expression of proinflammatory molecules and reduce oxidative stress in aged rat kidney, the effects of betaine on the central nervous system are not well kno...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Miwa M,Tsuboi M,Noguchi Y,Enokishima A,Nabeshima T,Hiramatsu M

更新日期：2011-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an acquired inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and is the leading cause of nontraumatic disability among young adults. Activated microglial cells are important effectors of demyelination and neurodegeneration, by secreting cytokines and others n...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Virgili N,Espinosa-Parrilla JF,Mancera P,Pastén-Zamorano A,Gimeno-Bayon J,Rodríguez MJ,Mahy N,Pugliese M

更新日期：2011-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:β-Amyloid (Aβ) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Neurons are major sources of Aβ in the brain. However, astrocytes outnumber neurons by at least five-fold. Thus, even a small level of astrocytic Aβ production could make a significant contribution to Aβ burden in AD. Moreover, act...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Zhao J,O'Connor T,Vassar R

更新日期：2011-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by social and emotional deficits, language impairments and stereotyped behaviors that manifest in early postnatal life. This study aims to clarify the relationship amongst absolute and relative concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and/or proinflammatory and p...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： El-Ansary AK,Ben Bacha AG,Al-Ayadhi LY

更新日期：2011-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Brain microvascular pericytes are important constituents of the neurovascular unit. These cells are physically the closest cells to the microvascular endothelial cells in brain capillaries. They significantly contribute to the induction and maintenance of the barrier functions of the blood-brain barrier. How...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Kovac A,Erickson MA,Banks WA

更新日期：2011-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Fever is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection, and pro-inflammatory cytokines may trigger the development of febrile seizures. In order to determine whether active inflammation, including high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and p...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Choi J,Min HJ,Shin JS

更新日期：2011-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While it is clear that inbred strains of mice have variations in immunological responsiveness, the influence of genetic background following tissue damage in the central nervous system is not fully understood. A cortical explant system was employed as a model for injury to determine whether the immediate tra...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Graber DJ,Harris BT,Hickey WF

更新日期：2011-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence links diverse forms of air pollution to neuroinflammation and neuropathology in both human and animal models, but the effects of long-term exposures are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE:We explored the central nervous system consequences of subchronic exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and addr...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Levesque S,Surace MJ,McDonald J,Block ML

更新日期：2011-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of ginseng in preventing and treating various central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been widely confirmed. However, ginsenosides, the principal components of ginseng, are characterized by poor accessibility to the brain, and this pharmacokinetic-pharmacological paradox remains poorly ex...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Kang A,Hao H,Zheng X,Liang Y,Xie Y,Xie T,Dai C,Zhao Q,Wu X,Xie L,Wang G

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The rapid onset of potentially lethal neuroinflammation is a defining feature of viral encephalitis. Microglia and astrocytes are likely to play a significant role in viral encephalitis pathophysiology as they are ideally positioned to respond to invading central nervous system (CNS) pathogens by producing k...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Furr SR,Chauhan VS,Moerdyk-Schauwecker MJ,Marriott I

更新日期：2011-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the acute toxicity of organophosphorus nerve agents is known to result from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of neuropathology following nerve agent-induced seizure are not well understood. To help determine these pathways, we previously used micr...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Spradling KD,Lumley LA,Robison CL,Meyerhoff JL,Dillman JF 3rd

更新日期：2011-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a paralyzing disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of motor neurons and occurs both as a sporadic and familial disease. Mutant SOD1 (mtSOD1) in motor neurons induces vulnerability to the disease through protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxi...

journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation

authors： Yang EJ,Kim SH,Yang SC,Lee SM,Choi SM

更新日期：2011-06-20 00:00:00